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TIME: Almanac 1995
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TIME Almanac 1995.iso
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<text id=92TT0790>
<title>
Apr. 13, 1992: Humongous Fungus
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1992
Apr. 13, 1992 Campus of the Future
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
SCIENCE, Page 62
Humongous Fungus
</hdr><body>
<p>An underground blob may be the world's largest living creature
</p>
<p> Watch out, Milwaukee. Something is growing in the woods just
over, or rather under, the Wisconsin-Michigan border. It feeds
off rotting organic matter and tree roots, and has been doing so
for 1,500 years, making it at least half as old as a mature
sequoia tree. The thing has already taken over a whopping 15
hectares (37 acres). It weighs in at somewhere between 100 and
1,000 tons, at least as big as a blue whale. And it is still
growing. At its present creep, it could reach the city of beer
and bratwurst in a mere 1.6 million years.
</p>
<p> The consequences will be a plague of mushrooms. That is
how many fungi reproduce, and this mass of subterranean
cytoplasm, known scientifically as Armillaria bulbosa, is one
humongous fungus. The mushrooms are aboveground appendages of
the real organism, a tangled mass of stringlike tendrils that
spread below the surface. Just how far a given fungus can spread
has always been open to speculation. Unless scientists happen
to dig right where two clearly different fungi meet, there is
no easy way to tell where one ends and another begins.
</p>
<p> The Canadian and U.S. scientists who reported the
discovery in last week's Nature solved this identity problem
with the latest methods of DNA analysis. They found that all the
samples within the sprawling study area were genetically
identical--meaning they had to be part of one, individual
organism.
</p>
<p> But just what is meant by an "individual"? A patch of
grass that spread from a single seed may be considered an
individual organism. The same is true with fungi, which,
incidentally, are now looked upon as a kingdom separate from
plants and animals. Complicating matters is the fact that pieces
of the A. bulbosa may have broken off over the millenniums. If
so, do the pieces count as one organism or many? There's no
agreed upon answer, says Clive Brasier, a British botanist.
Insisting on a yes or no, he says, "gets to be a Guinness Book
of Records kind of question."
</p>
</body></article>
</text>